CRYSTALLIZATION: INTRODUCTION MECHANISMS OF CRYSTALLIZATION Crystal Lattice Nucleation of Crystals Growth and Growth Rate of Crystals SOLUBILITY AND SOLUTION EQUILIBRIA IN CRYSTALLIZATION Phase Equilibria and Phase Diagrams: General Issues Melt Phase Diagrams Solution Equilibria AGGLOMERATION DURING CRYSTALLIZATION Mechanisms and Kinetics of Agglomeration Parameters Influencing Agglomeration Agglomeration during Crystallization Mechanical Properties of Agglomerates POLYMORPHISM OF CRYSTALLINE SYSTEMS Introduction and Definitions Occurrence and Properties of Polymorphs and Solvates Thermodynamics of Polymorphs of Solid-State Forms Thermodynamics of Hydrates Experimental Techniques to Elucidate Thermodynamics Formation of Various Polymorphs and Solid-State Forms-Polymorph Screens Selection of Optimal Form for Development THE INFLUENCE OF ADDITIVES AND IMPURITIES ON CRYSTALLIZATION Influence of Additives and Impurities on Crystallization Influence of Impurities: Modeling Tailor-Made Additives Modeling the Influence of Solvents PURIFICATION BY CRYSTALLIZATION Introduction Mechanisms of Impurity Incorporation and Purification CHARACTERIZATION OF CRYSTALLINE PRODUCTS Introduction Characterization of Intrinsic Properties of a Solid Characterization of Particle Shape and Size Powder Flow Properties In-Process Characterization BASICS OF INDUSTRIAL CRYSTALLIZATION FROM SOLUTION Generation of Supersaturation in a Crystallizer Mass and Population Balance for Growth from Suspension Operation of a Continuous Crystallizer: Basics Operation of a Batch Crystallizer: Basics DEVELOPMENT OF BATCH CRYSTALLIZATIONS Setting Goals Crystallization of Organic Moieties Generation of Supersaturation in Batch Crystallizations Initiation of Crystallization - Nucleation Phase Seeded Batch Crystallizations Crystallization Period Scale-Up Considerations Manipulating Particle Shape CONTINUOUS CRYSTALLIZATION Concept and Design of Continuous Crystallizers Various Continuous Crystallizers PeripherySpecial Features of the Process Adjustment of Suspension Densities PRECIPITATION Precipitation from Solution by Mixing Two Streams Semi-Batch Precipitations Model of Mixing during Precipitation Precipitations Using Supercritical Fluids Crystal Issues Particle Size as a Function of Operating Conditions MIXING IN CRYSTALLIZATION PROCESSES Mixing in Batch and Continuous Crystallization Processes Basic Mixing Tasks - Mixing Tasks in Crystallization Impellers and Agitation Systems Power Consumption of an Impeller System [2] Blending Suspending Scale-Up of a Crystallization Process DOWNSTREAM PROCESSES Transfer of Suspension and Filter Cake Solid?Liquid Separation Drying MELT CRYSTALLIZATION Characteristics of Melt Crystallization Processes of Melt Crystallization Postcrystallization Treatments Laboratory Techniques EXAMPLES OF REALIZED CONTINUOUS CRYSTALLIZATION PROCESSES Choosing the Drain Point in Process Design Example Crop Crystallization for Organic Compounds Example Crystallization of Table Salt Results DESIGN EXAMPLES OF MELT CRYSTALLIZATION Concepts of Melt Crystallization Outlook INDEX Skryť popis