Preface

Dedication

1.0 Sirex systematics; problems and solutions

Henri Goulet

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Important issues for solving identification problems

1.2.1 Ovipositor morphology

1.2.2 Mitochondrial DNA

1.2.3 Collections

1.3 Diversity and biogeographic coverage

1.4 Morphological characters used to recognize species

1.4.1 Ovipositor characters

1.4.2 Other characters

2.0 Life history and biology of Sirex noctilio

Kathleen Ryan and Brett P Hurley

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Insect-fungus complex

2.3 The life history of Sirex noctilio

2.4 Host selection and susceptibility

2.5 Host Records

2.6 Factors influencing population dynamics

2.6.1 Potential fecundity

2.6.2 Reproductive potential

2.6.3 Adult size

2.6.4 Sex-ratio

2.6.5 Natural enemies

2.7 Conclusions

3.0 Susceptibility and response of pines to Sirex noctilio

John M Bordeaux and Jeffrey FD Dean

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Factors contributing to tree susceptibility

3.3 Tree responses to Sirex noctilio mucus

3.4 Tree responses to Amylostereum areolatum

3.5 General responses to Sirex attack

3.6 Reducing tree susceptibility

4.0 The population dynamics of Sirex noctilio F. : the influence of diapause, spatial aggregation and flight potential on woodwasp outbreaks and spread

Juan C Corley and José M Villacide

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Pine plantations and Sirex noctilio in Patagonia

4.3 Life cycle and adult emergence patterns

4.4 Spatial dynamics of woodwasp populations at a stand scale

4.5 Flight potential of Sirex noctilio males and females

4.6 Conclusions

5.0 The woodwasp Sirex noctilio and its associated fungus Amylostereum areolatum in Europe

Beat Wermelinger and Iben M Thomsen

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Biology of Sirex noctilio

5.3 Natural enemies

5.4 Ecology of the Amylostereum fungal symbionts

5.5 Relationships between S. noctilio attack and host quality

5.6 Economic significance of S. noctilio in Europe

6.0 The genetics of Amylostereum species associated with Siricids

Magriet van der Nest, Rimvys Vasaitis, Jan Stenlid, Brenda D Wingfield, Michael J Wingfield and Bernard Slippers

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Systematics and identification

6.3 Symbiotic specificity

6.4 Mode of reproduction

6.5 Vegetative incompatibility and population diversity studies

6.6 Conclusions and future prospects

7.0 Siricid woodwasps and their fungal symbionts in Asia, specifically those occurring in Japan

Masanobu Tabata, Hiroaki Miyata and Kaoru Maeto

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Symbiosis between woodwasps and fungi

7.3 Molecular phylogeny of fungal symbionts

7.4 Life-cycle and host interaction of woodwasps

8.0 Parasitoids in the management of Sirex: Looking back and looking ahead

Deladenus siricidicola in biological control systems

Bernard Slippers, Brett P Hurley, X Osmond Mlonyeni, Peter de Groot and Michael J Wingfield

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Rearing, handling and storage

9.3 Evolution of nematode virulence and wasp resistance

9.4 Introduction history and genetic diversity

9.5 Interaction specificity - Amylostereum and Sirex

9.6 Variable environmental factors

9.7 Conclusions

10.0 Ecological considerations in using Deladenus siricidicola for the biological control of Sirex noctilio in North America

David W Williams, Kelley E Zylstra and Victor C Mastro

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Ecological factors in North America affecting the biological control program

10.2.1 Climate

10.2.2 The North American nematode

10.3 Possible effects of the biological control program on non-target pine insects in North America

10.3.1 North American Siricids as potential hosts

10.3.2 Questions on nontarget effects on North American siricids

10.4 Conclusions and future directions

11.0 The chemical ecology of Sirex noctilio

Damon J Crook, Katalin Böröczky, Kelley E Zylstra, Victor C Mastro and James H Tumlinso