Money and banking systems In recent years, major phenomena such as the digital revolution, the COVID-19 pandemic, wars, and political turmoil have significantly affected people’s lives, economies, and financial markets. Modern technologies and product innovations have transformed banking and banking systems. Traditional banks remain crucial as financial institutions and entities of public trust. However, new players like digital banks, FinTech, and BigTech present challenges and risks. Money and payment methods are evolving, with central bank digital currencies emerging as potential substitutes for cash, while cashless payments and digital wallets grow increasingly popular. These developments call for an update of existing knowledge. This book serves as a comprehensive guide to these changes. It is divided into three parts: the first focuses on money and monetary systems, the second on banks and their functioning, and the third on selected banking systems. Each section contains illustrations, data, practical examples, and links to external resources, enhancing the book’s scope and significance. Designed for students studying banking, finance, or economics at various levels, this book is also a valuable resource for academic teachers seeking clear, non-technical explanations of money and banking systems.