Introduction.- Geological Background.- Fossil Spores and Pollen in Crude Oils.- Petroleum Sporo-pollen Assemblages and Judgment of Petroleum Source Rocks.- Spore/Pollen Fossil Coloration and Petroleum Source Rock Quality.- Palynological Evidence for Organic Petroleum Origin Theory.- Environment for Formation of Petroleum Source Rocks.- Mechanisms of Petroleum Migration.- Geochronic and Geographic distribution of Nonmarine Petroleum Source Rocks.