Preface.- Section 1: Introduction into Kala-Azar.- 1. Geography.- 2. Pathology and Mechanism of Kala-azar & PKDL.- 3. Diagnosis and Treatment of Kala-azar & PKDL.- Section 2: Therapeutic Strategy to Deal with Emergence of Drug Resistance.- 4. Epidemiology of Drug-Resistant Kala-azar in India and neighboring countries.- 5. Therapeutic Strategy for treatment of VL in drug resistant regions.- 6. Need for combination therapy to control kala-azar in South Asia.- Section 3: Diagnostic Strategy Enhancing Kala-azar Elimination Program.- 7. Challenges to visceral leishmaniasis diagnosis in the Indian sub-continent.- 8. Potentiality of urinary tests to kala-azar disease management.- 9. Use of LAMP as a practical field tool for diagnosis of Kala-azar.- Section 4: PKDL and its Implications in Eliminating Kala-azar.- 10. Polymorphism of kala azar in South Asia.- 11. Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL): Facing the challenge for eliminating kala-azar from South Asia.- Section 5: New challenges confronting Kala azar Elimination Programme and their possible solutions.- 12. Climate change and kala-azar.- 13. Role of policy makers in achieving the target for kala azar elimination in South Asia - the Bangladesh experience